Sunshine Case Study - 1915 Words

Sunshine Fashion: Fraud, Theft and Misbehaviour among Employees (OCB and CPWB) What are the root causes – individual and contextual -- for the employee misbehaviour at Sunshine? At Sunshine Fashion, the main manifestations of employees’ misbehaviour are fraud and theft by branch managers at the local Chinese market. The root causes of these misbehaviours are both individual and contextual: Individual: - Weak sense of belonging and loyalty to Sunshine (high yearly turnover of branch managers of 20%): Branch managers use Sunshine stores to build personal relationships with department stores and to promote their own brands. - Need to get be better rewarded: theft is a symptom that managers are not well remunerated. Pocketing the†¦show more content†¦Branch managers are clearly the right people for performing their job, as described by person-job fit theory (OB, p. 182) Branch managers are relationships oriented people who understand very well Sunshine operations, especially the promotion policies. They know how to convince the upper management of local constraints and the necessity to implement individual approaches for every branch. They understand local culture, they know local customs and they know local department stores’ needs. The main problem is that they are working for their own benefit, using Sunshine’s resources and sometimes obviously stealing from the company. With a yearly turnover of 20%, their loyalty cannot be with Sunshine, which explains why they mostly work for themselves. The management must identify the negative emotions that drive branch managers. (OB, p.153) Are they simply driven by greed or the salaries paid are inappropriate? Are the salaries and overall benefits competitive in each local market? Do they have some personal problems? The organizational justice (OB, p. 256) is taken to extremes. Implementing the same reward through the company notwithstanding local market and standard of living, notwithstanding individual performance creates the feeling of inequity and does not encourage doing better than the average. Attempts to minimize sabotage appear to focus on treating employees fairly and honestly, byShow MoreRelatedSunshine Case Study1923 Words   |  8 PagesSunshine Fashion: Fraud, Theft and Misbehaviour among Employees (OCB and CPWB) What are the root causes – individual and contextual -- for the employee misbehaviour at Sunshine? At Sunshine Fashion, the main manifestations of employees’ misbehaviour are fraud and theft by branch managers at the local Chinese market. The root causes of these misbehaviours are both individual and contextual: Individual: - Weak sense of belonging and loyalty to Sunshine (high yearly turnover of branch managers ofRead MoreSunshine Fashions- Summary of Case Study1389 Words   |  6 PagesSunshine Fashion Case Study Questions Q 1. What are the root causes – individual and contextual -- for the employee misbehavior at Sunshine? Ans 1. Individual misbehaviour in any organisation is not only dependent on an individual’s psychology but is also affected by many variables such as the Organisation structure, Work environment, operating procedures etc. However, the phenomenon of misbehaviour can be better understood in terms of motives and opportunity. Employees commit unethical conductRead MorePsychosocial Development Case Study Analysis for the Movie Little Miss Sunshine1906 Words   |  8 PagesPsychosocial Development Case Study Analysis In Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris’ 2006 movie Little Miss Sunshine, they depict the tribulations of a dysfunctional family trying to get their daughter to a beauty pageant, while encompassing strong portrayals of common issues in the United States today. It communicates the individual’s struggle to be perfect, as well as the difficulties of the average middle class family in society. In this paper I will analyze three characters; Olive, Dwayne, andRead MoreCase Study Sunshine Fashion: Fraud, Theft and Misbehavior among Employees1329 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Mujezinovic Alma Professor P. McMickle BSAD 319 Sunshine Fashion: Fraud, Theft and Misbehavior among Employees 1. What were the root causes of the staff ´s misbehavior? Sunshine Fashion was a Sino-Japanese venture, whose operations grown very quickly, from 1993, the year of establishment until 2008, when the company became the industry leader in the production of cashmere sweaters, and a high-end fashion brand in its domestic market. However, in 2008, company had faced serious fraud and misbehaviorRead MoreUnfolding Case Study Part Four Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pages Unfolding Case Study Part Four Southern New Hampshire University Daneen Breitenbach Nursing 601 Unfolding Case Study Part Four Ms. Sunshine recently had a myocardial infarction, with 90% of her one main artery occluded. She is a 54-year-old African American female who decided to travel from Denver to Boston to visit her son and new grandson. Prior to leaving Denver, Ms. Sunshine has been experiencing chest discomfort, dyspnea, fatigue, anxiety, and flu like symptoms. Her sonRead MoreSunshine and Sunset Laws948 Words   |  4 PagesSunshine and Sunset Laws US Government Sunshine and Sunset Laws Sunshine laws created by different states are based on the Sunshine Act passed by Congress in 1976. In the United States, for the first time, the Sunshine Act requires that â€Å"multi-headed federal agencies† or those agencies that are headed by a committee instead of an individual such as the Securities and Exchange Commission hold their meetings regularly in public (Bardes et al., 2011, p. 423). As the term implies, the governmentRead MoreAustralian Gold Brand Analysis1660 Words   |  7 PagesLandscape and Brand Analysis: Australian Gold Background Australian Gold is one of the fastest-growing sun care brands in the United States.2 Owned by New Sunshine LLC it was founded in central Indiana 26 years ago.3 Australian Gold is â€Å"sold in more than 50 countries [worldwide and] is recognized by its mascot â€Å"Sydney† a koala bear riding the waves on a golden brown surfboard†.5 The company’s headquarters is located in Indiana but they also have a â€Å"research and development lab and a manufacturingRead MoreEthical Dilemma Of Mandatory Vaccinations1065 Words   |  5 Pagesprotected the dairymaids from smallpox (Coico Sunshine, 2015). To test his theory, Jenner preformed what we would consider today to be an extremely unethical experiment. He took pus from a cowpox lesion and introduced it into a scratch on the arm of a young boy. After the pustules healed and disappeared, Jenner deliberately infected the boy with pus from a smallpox lesion. No illness followed, as the boy was completely protected (Coico Sunshine, 2015). Today we understand why there are manyRead MoreThe Sunshine Vitamin or Vitamin D Essay946 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch. Vitamin D, otherwise known as the sunshine vitamin, is composed of a group of fat-soluble compounds that mainly shapes the development and sustenance of bone health. It primarily regulates the gastric absorption of magnesium, calcium, zinc and other minerals that fortify bone density, strength and structure. +Recent studies have mapped out the connection between vitamin D deficiency and diseases of the skin, heart and premature aging. Said studies similarly reveal vitamin D traits that assistRead MoreThe Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesGrowing up in Florida, the sunshine state, all my years of schooling was practically determined in the months of February and March, by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test, most commonly known as the F.C.A.T. The Florida department of education (2005) presents (to parents and guardians of the students), the F.C.A.T. as a test given to Florida students to measure what they know and are able to accomplish in reading, writing, mathematics, and science. This test is a part of Florida’s plan to

Definition of Failure Free Essays

Hannah Goracke Dr. Young English Composition 101 26 September 2012 Failure Failure is an ambiguous term. Each person can define what it means to â€Å"fail† in a different way. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Failure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just as someone has their own standards of leading a successful life, they also have their own standards in terms of maybe leading a not so successful life. Within the word â€Å"failure† therein lays a few different meanings that may differ from person to person depending on his or her own opinion. Each person may have had a different experience with failure, which led him or her to believe what he or she does. Today, failure can be attached to three different ideas. First, failure can be defined as the opposite of success. Lost the race? You failed it. Got a 54 percent on your last math test? That’s failure. Whether this failure comes about as a result of laziness or just bad luck, this is the type of failure that we have been taught since we knew how to spell the word. It is the most common use of the word; if you were to ask a random stranger what â€Å"failure† meant to them, they would most likely correlate it with the word â€Å"success†. Failure is not success, it is failing to succeed. Still, there is another meaning of the word that takes on a more philosophical view. Failure, some may argue, is the actually the word used to describe the result of not trying. This definition has to do with the outcome the effort opposed to trying but not reaching a specific goal. Failing to do anything at all is failing to try. You want to run the race, but you don’t? Failure. Got a 54 percent on your math test? Technically failing, but did you try? If any sort of trying was involved, failure did not occur. Even by getting an F on the math test, there was still an A for effort. The third meaning may require a bit more explanation. The word â€Å"fail† has become quite commonplace in today’s society among young tween-age kids to teenagers. It has become a slang term, usually used in humorous situations. It is often used to kid or make fun of another or themselves when a small and funny mistake has been committed. It is almost always used in a joking manner. You overslept your alarm and missed your first class? Fail. That person left their blinker on for two miles after they turned? Fail. The word â€Å"fail† has become part of the young people’s generation. It is a term that is used very commonly among the teenagers of today. Failure can have multiple meanings. How it’s interpreted all depend on the person and the context of their situation. Someone who tried to complete a task but instead experienced failure might be bitter or optimistic depending on his or her outlook. Someone who is more pessimistic might repeat that failure is the opposite of success. Someone who has a more optimistic mindset would be able to look at the bigger picture understand that by failing to try, they decrease their chances of success exponentially. Failure has taken on another meaning as a popular slang term used by young people to describe a funny mistake. The term failure holds much ambiguity that depends on the perspective and experiences of the person putting it in use. How to cite Definition of Failure, Essay examples

Meaning of the term organizational culture free essay sample

Organizational culture is sometimes referred to as corporate culture, though this isnt the best description since a large non-profit organization or charity could also have its own organizational culture even though they are definitely not corporations. A very basic definition of organizational culture as given by Deal and Kennedy is the way things get done around here. However this definition is too narrow and therefore there is a need for a deeper definition as follows. Organizational culture is a concept developed by researchers to explain the values, psychology, attitudes, beliefs and experiences of an organization. Generally speaking, it is viewed as the shared norms and values of individuals and groups within an organization. Through this set of mutual understandings, organizational culture controls the way individuals interact with each other within the organization as well as with customers, suppliers and other stakeholders existing outside the boundaries of the organization. Schien defined organizational culture asa pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems that has worked well enough to be considered valid and is passed on to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of the term organizational culture? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because organizational culture is deeply rooted in the organization’s history of success or failure, and because of its collective experience, any organization that needs to work to change it will be facing an uphill battle and a huge investment in time, resources, and work. Given all these aspects of organizational culture we can therefore note that organizational culture focuses on these points: collective experience, routine, beliefs, values, goals, and system. These are learned and re-learned, passed on to new employees, and continues on as part of a companys core identity. In conclusion we can therefore say that the culture of the organization can be tiered into 3 levels based on their visibility and how closely they are adhered to in the organization. The first level is Artifacts and Behaviors. Artifacts and behavior are the most visible components of organizational culture. They include the physical layout of the workplace and observable behavior of its employees. The next level is Values. Values are less visible than behavior but they can be seen as they influence observable behavior of the individuals working in the organization. But the top tier of organizational culture may be seen at the level of Assumptions and Beliefs. They cannot be actually seen, but they are so well ingrained in the employees that they come out quite naturally because that is the way the organization thinks.

The Moose and the Sparrow free essay sample

Cecil is young and smart. He has set his mind on studying art; he makes beautiful things out of plain wire. Moose is picking on him because of this, and because of his physical appearance, which is less strong than his own. As the new guy, it took a while before he was accepted by the other men, but they ended up liking him more than they liked Moose. On the other hand, we have Maddon Moose. He appears to be slightly older than Cecil, though his age is not mentioned in the text. Maddon probably dropped out of school, and therefore seems to have a need of picking on those who happens to be smarter than him. Maddon is a Saw boss and very strong physically. He is unsympathetic and always picks on others, so nobody likes him. Hugh Garner likes to show us the characters, by what they say and do, instead of just telling the reader about them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Moose and the Sparrow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page for example; â€Å"What happened? † I asked one of Maddon’s men. â€Å"Moose burned the kid’s hand,† he told me. â€Å"He heated the end of a saw in the tea fire and then called the kid to take it to be sharpened. He handed the hot end to Cecil, and it burned his hand pretty bad. † (Hugh Garner, ‘The Moose and the Sparrow’). The story takes place in a logging Camp, and often in the bunkers where the men live, during the summer holidays. This is an important part of the story, and a course to Cecil’s problems; the setting gives Moose an opportunity of giving Cecil the hardest work possibly. Even though the story is about Cecil, it is told from Mr. Anderson’s point of view – it’s a first person angled story. The themes of this story are jealousy, murder/crime, and being picked on. Hugh Garner creates a tense atmosphere by making a climax – he builds up the story by describing different events that get more and more exiting, and giving hints and foreshadowing’s to the reader. Also, he has a way of describing the actions of the characters that makes the reader want to know the outcome of the story. The title is not fully understood until the end of the story, when the author tells the reader that Cecil has a sparrow-looking smile. ‘Moose’ is, of course, the person Maddon Moose. I think these are very appropriate labels, because it makes it easier to explain the relationship between them, the sparrow fighting against the moose. But, in the end, it is the little sparrow who wins. This shows that being big and strong, but dumb, isn’t always ideal; it was the small but clever one, who won. Perhaps this is what the author is trying to tell us. In this text, there are several foreshadowing’s. Example; ‘That evening the kid turned in early†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and, ‘I woke up during the night to hear a man laughing near the edge of the camp and Maddon’s name being called. I figured it was Moose and Lefevre coming home drunk from Camp Three. ’ (Hugh Garner, ‘The Moose and the Sparrow’) We also get another hint when the author tells us about how eager Cecil was to get Mr. Anderson’s wristwatch strap finished, and when we’re told about Lefevre not being at Camp Three at all the night of the incident. I think it was a very good story, and I liked it very much. At first I didn’t quite get it, but it all came clear at the end. It is a very good short story, exiting to read and well written.

Free Essays on Pluto

My topic is the planet Pluto. I chose this planet because a lot of people don’t even consider it a planet. The earth’s moon is even bigger than Pluto. Other than that I don’t really know anything at all about the planet. I did also know that Pluto does intertwine with Neptune’s orbit. Is Pluto really a planet? Researchers have been trying to determine whether Pluto is really big enough to be a planet. Over the last few years, the gathered information on Pluto and the discovery of an increasing number of other objects in the outer solar system have been discussed within a group of astronomers called minor-planets. The planet Pluto is not given the respect of other planets and some have the indication to change Pluto to a minor planet. Astronomer Brian Marsden of Harvard Smithsonian Center said if Pluto were discovered seventy years ago, it would be considered a minor planet. A minor planet is a term used to describe asteroids and most astronomers agree that Pluto is no asteroid. Marsden said it’s not a demotion for Pluto to be referred to as the 10,000th minor planet, it is an honor. Some astronomers do not agree with Brian Marsden’s theory. Pluto deserves to be considered more than just a minor planet. Most astronomers would probably consider stripping Pluto of is status. That would be like stripping Connecticut or Vermont of statehood because Texas and Alaska later joined. It was estimated that Pluto contained mass of eleven Earths but dropped rapidly over time. This is what is giving the astronomers a second opinion about being a planet. Pluto is about 1,500 miles in diameter, larger than the largest asteroid. It is known to have density of two grams per cubic centimeter, so is estimated to be sixty percent rock and forty percent ices of frozen nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and water. Pluto is tilted 122.5 degrees on its axis. Because of the shape of Pluto’s orbit, it actually slips inside of ... Free Essays on Pluto Free Essays on Pluto My topic is the planet Pluto. I chose this planet because a lot of people don’t even consider it a planet. The earth’s moon is even bigger than Pluto. Other than that I don’t really know anything at all about the planet. I did also know that Pluto does intertwine with Neptune’s orbit. Is Pluto really a planet? Researchers have been trying to determine whether Pluto is really big enough to be a planet. Over the last few years, the gathered information on Pluto and the discovery of an increasing number of other objects in the outer solar system have been discussed within a group of astronomers called minor-planets. The planet Pluto is not given the respect of other planets and some have the indication to change Pluto to a minor planet. Astronomer Brian Marsden of Harvard Smithsonian Center said if Pluto were discovered seventy years ago, it would be considered a minor planet. A minor planet is a term used to describe asteroids and most astronomers agree that Pluto is no asteroid. Marsden said it’s not a demotion for Pluto to be referred to as the 10,000th minor planet, it is an honor. Some astronomers do not agree with Brian Marsden’s theory. Pluto deserves to be considered more than just a minor planet. Most astronomers would probably consider stripping Pluto of is status. That would be like stripping Connecticut or Vermont of statehood because Texas and Alaska later joined. It was estimated that Pluto contained mass of eleven Earths but dropped rapidly over time. This is what is giving the astronomers a second opinion about being a planet. Pluto is about 1,500 miles in diameter, larger than the largest asteroid. It is known to have density of two grams per cubic centimeter, so is estimated to be sixty percent rock and forty percent ices of frozen nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and water. Pluto is tilted 122.5 degrees on its axis. Because of the shape of Pluto’s orbit, it actually slips inside of ...

Air pollution

Air pollution Abstract The health effects of air pollution have been subject to intense study in recent years. Exposure to pollutants such as airborne particulate matter and ozone has been associated with increases in mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. These effects have been found in short-term studies, which relate day-to-day variations in air pollution and health, and long-term studies, which have followed cohorts of exposed individuals over time. Effects have been seen at very low levels of exposure, and it is unclear whether a threshold concentration exists for particulate matter and ozone below which no effects on health are likely. In this review, we discuss the evidence for adverse effects on health of selected air pollutantsAbstract The health effects of air pollution have been subject to intense study in recent years. Exposure to pollutants such as airborne particulate matter and ozone has been associated with increases in mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. These effects have been found in short-term studies, which relate day-to-day variations in air pollution and health, and long-term studies, which have followed cohorts of exposed individuals over time. Effects have been seen at very low levels of exposure, and it is unclear whether a threshold concentration exists for particulate matter and ozone below which no effects on health are likely. In this review, we discuss the evidence for adverse effects on health of selected air pollutants

Money creation in islamic economic system Term Paper

Money creation in islamic economic system - Term Paper Example be achieved, as Muslims perceive an economy to be healthy when its regulations, institutions and operations together with the conduct of the people and the entire society conform to Shari’ah. The part played by money as well as monetary management in the Islamic economy must conform to the structure of the entire economic system that is prescribed by Islam. Even though the Qur’an and the Sunnah, which are the key sources of Islam, do not give any direct or comprehensive direction in regard to managing money, they are clear in their disapproval of interest. Therefore, financial and monetary connections in the Islamic system must be conducted and organized in a way that prologues the use of interest in any manner. Ultimately, this limitation makes monetary management in the Islamic system to be different in a fundamental and critical manner when compared to the conventional capitalist system. The process of money creation by the conventional banking systems is considered as the most dominant undermining aspect in all the contemporary markets (Lippit, 1996, p. 256). Through creating money from nothing and introducing it into circulation, both the central banks and commercial banks have collectively resulted into a succession of speculative bubbles that may be followed back more than three years in the countries of the west. In the case that newly created money is spent on a particular asset like property or shares, the prices of these assets tend to increase naturally. On the other hand, when the banks make a decision to decrease their rates of creating money, buyers will no longer exist in the market and the prices of assets will start reducing. The capability to create money is thus a largely influential political and economic instrument, which is in most cases abused. Two Islamic guidelines function to prevent any form of money creation by the banking system and they i nclude the law of trust and the prohibition of interest. Through the issuance of promises to

SWOT Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SWOT Analysis - Research Paper Example This practice aids the firm to ensure that its efforts bring positive results to the desired areas. In other words, combined operation would assist the firm to deliver quality care services to its clients. Camelot is located at Staten Island in New York City and the organization has counseling programs throughout the five boroughs of the New York City. The current location is a major internal strength to the organization since New York City is an important drug destination and distribution center in the United States (NC Buy). Excellent customer service also adds to the firm’s performance efficiency. It is the main reason why majority of the New York population primarily tend to opt Camelot’s services. Weaknesses Higher employee turnover rate is the most challenging weakness of the company. The employee turnover is often a costly process since the company needs to make some additional investments to train a newly appointed employee. The time taken for the employee repla cement process would adversely affect the organizational productivity. Furthermore, the increased rate of employee turnover may adversely affect the corporate image of Camelot. The issue would cause the organization to lose continuity in its proposed programs. Similarly, it seems that the organization does not hire from within the firms and this strategy in turn incurs the operating expenses of Camelot. Furthermore, this practice prevents the firm from obtaining experienced employees. Lack of employee incentive is another weakness of the Camelot Counseling Centers; and this weakness often leads to employee turnover. In addition, it negatively affects employee motivation and thereby organizational productivity. Finally, since the organization does not have sufficient funds to purchase up to date equipments for employees, it seriously impinge on the operational efficiency of the Camelot. Under such circumstances, employees may be forced to work with improper equipments. Evidently, thi s situation often affects the quality of the services delivered. Opportunities The Camelot Counseling Centers is the only one treatment facility in the New York City that offers assistance to teenagers in their problems associated with drugs and education. In addition, there are only a few providers in the City that offer residential treatment facilities. The US official data indicate that substance abuse is becoming a threatening issue in the country, especially in megalopolis cities like New York. Hence, the city’s lifestyle offers certain potential opportunities to the organization. Another opportunity for the company is that it possesses experienced teachers and counselors on every site. This facility helps the company to extend its services to each and every corner of the city with no time lag. Studies have pointed that a drug addicted person needs continuous support until he is completely recovered from addition.. Since the organization has counselors on site, they can more closely work with the clients. Since the lab suppliers charge the same price for private insurance and Medicaid, clients can obtain improved services from Camelot at a fairly low cost. This advantage may attract more clients to the organization. Threats Recently, the Camelot Counseling Centers are losing their customers to competitors including Drug Rehab & Alcohol Addiction Treatment New York and New York City Rehab Center. Over the past few years, the organization

Cricks view of politics Essay Example for Free

Cricks view of politics Essay This essay will explain Cricks views on politics, as outlined in his book ‘In defence of Politics’ (1962). That politics is a way to bring together differing opinions to resolves problems and disputes in a peaceful manner for the benefit of the majority and for the good of the populace. Cricks belief of what politics entails involves a democratic ideology and as we are considered to have a democratic society in which we live validating with quotes from cricks book. Also Crick highlights the importance of the difference of opinion people have, and such opinions being recognised, and being able to have freedom of speech, being unrestricted in the way that other countries are bound by dictatorship. Crick acknowledges that politics is never a straightforward business, in Cricks words, he describes politics as a â€Å"messy business†, being unpredictable, for example international and domestic events. This essay will use contemporary examples to show how this so. In the 2010 election, there wasn’t any party that had an overall majority (no party had more than half of members of parliament in the House of Commons), which meant that the Conservatives would be unable to have the majority of votes, to pass laws etc, without the support of other parties. In this case, the support came in the form of a formal coalition, with the Liberal Democrats. This being the first time Britain has had a coalition government in seventy years. This situation could said to be in accordance with what Crick asserted, that politics, ‘ideally draws all these groups into each other, so that each individually, and together, can make a positive contribution towards the business of government, the maintaining of order’ (Crick 1962: 18). Crick (1962: 16) stated that for some politics is muddled, contradictory, self-defeatingly recurant, unprogressive, unpatriotic, inneficiant mere compromise, or even a sham or conspiracy . In contemporary society, many would argue that this is the case, and the reason why we are seeing parties such as UKIP becoming more populer. Politics can also be on a micro level,involving issues on a smaller scale, such as in the family home, for example, refering to Crick Jones states that People or groups of people who want different things-be it power, money, liberty, ect-face the potential or reality of conflict when such things are in short supply. For instance, a situation may arise where a husband being given an employment opportunity,involving relocation to  another city,compromise would have had to play a big part,for financial gain for the greater good of the family,as the earning potential of the husband is greater than that of the wife. In this situation issues of power also being present, the husband having the advantage,having the dominant position,simple due to earning more money. In conclusion, although Crick wrote his book in 1962, his ideas regarding politics , and the positive role, he believes it plays,is still applicable in contemporay society today. In the case of the present day coalition ,political parties of differing ideologies,have had to join together for the smooth running of the country, for greater good of the people. However, Crick also recognised that politics is still very much a messy, complicated process,and not everyone would feel that politicians were working in their best interests. Also that compromise plays a vital part on both a micro and macro level to reduce conflict.

Plant Material Essay -- Plants, Seeds

Plant material The seeds of A. precatorius were collected from the medicinal plant garden of Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, M.P., India. Seeds were sterilized and germinated by following the protocol described in our previous publication .[15] Initiation of A. precatorius cell cultures Different explants from aseptically germinated seeds viz. leaves, epicotyle and petiole were tested for culture initiation by variation in plant growth regulators (PGR) and Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Non-transformed callus cultures were initiated by placing explants on solidified MS medium supplemented separately with the hormones: 1 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA); 1 mg/l Kinetin (Kn); 0.5 – 2.0 mg/l 2, 4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and there combinations (Data not shown). For transformation experiments, leaves were excised from 30 d old in vitro germinated plantlets of A. precatorius. A. tumefaciens strains (MTCC 431, MTCC 609, MTCC 2250 and MTCC 2251) were used to establish transformed callus cultures. These strains were procured from Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India. A minimum of 30 explants were used for each experiment. All explants cultured on sterilized petriplates comprising MS medium solidified with 1.0 % agar and supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose. The pH was adjusted to 5.7 Â ± 0.2. The medium was autoclaved under 15 psig pressure at 121Â ºC for 20 min. The explants were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strains for infection to induce transformed callus. For this purpose, Agrobacterial colonies were cultured for 48 h on solid nutrient agar medium at 28 Â ± 2Â °C. Ten loopful bacteria were then... ... in a maximum synergistic promotion of glycyrrhizin accumulation i.e. 4.9-fold higher compared to transformed control culture. The present study indicates the potential of these biotechnology-based methodologies for large-scale production of glycyrrhizin. Furthermore, in order to develop a process for commercial production of glycyrrhizin by plant cell cultures some additional yield enhancement strategies may be worked out like, optimization of medium composition, environmental condition and addition of precursors. Acknowledgments The authors are thankful to Dr. Ashish Baldi, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India for his valuable and timely assistance. The author VSK wishes to acknowledge All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi for providing junior research scholarship.

R.a 9163 and R.a 7077 Essay

1. Research on R.A. 7077 It is an act providing for the development, administration, organization, training, maintenance and utilization of the Citizen Armed Forces of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and for other purposes. This may also include civil police officers when needed to maintain law and order. It is known as the Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act. Republic Act 7077 mandated the creation of the Reserve Commands in all the major service levels of the armed forces, namely the Philippine Army Reserve Command (ARESCOM), the Philippine Air Force Reserve Command (AFRESCOM), the Philippine Navy Reserve Command (NAVRECOM), the Technical Reserve Component (AFPRESCOM) and the Affiliated Reserves or the AFPARU. Under these reserve commands, the Chief of Staff of AFPRESECOM was also created. To meet the mandates of the law, the General Headquarters of AFP activated AFPRESCOM on April 01, 1993 and re-aligned the personal and facilities of the defunct Metropolitan Citizen Military Training Command (MCMTC) to oversee the Reservist Program. It was the duty of this core group to implement in full force and effect the RA 7077 law and to provide administrative control and supervision over all the reserve units established under this act whose services and utilization are national in scope. 2. Compare R.A. 9163 (NSTP Act of 2001) and R.A. 7077 R.A. 9163 or National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three program components namely ROTC, Literacy Training Service and Civic Welfare Training Service. Its various components are specially designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare. On the other hand, R.A. 7077 is a program that provides the base for the expansion of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the event of war, invasion or rebellion; to assist in relief and rescue during disaster or calamities; to assist in socioeconomic development; and to assist in the operation and maintenance of essential government or private utilities in  the furtherance of the overall mission. 3. Which is more applicable and appropriate between the two laws on the present situation of our country? Why? In my opinion, the more appropriate and applicable law is the R.A. 9163. It is because our country faces fewer wars due to the presence of the ASEAN committee and other peace treaties. We no longer find war as a solution to solve problems between nations. Furthermore, R.A. 9163 incorporated some elements of R.A. 7077 such as military training and improved the law by adding Literacy Training Service which trains students to become teachers of literacy to out of school youths and Civic Welfare Training Service which is devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of the citizenry.

Law and Hickey Judicial Body

Case 9-1 PERFROMING RIGHT SOCIETY, LIMITED v. HICKEY Judicial Body: Zambia, High Court at Lusaka, 1978, Judge Sakala Facts: Copyright infringement, Innocence of infringement; Injunction for damages Issue: Defendant played records of copyright music during a public performance. Defendant also performed the song without the permission of the copyright owner. This is an infringement and the song’s composer wants to be compensated for the use of his song. History: Defendant violated copyright laws by performing and playing records at his disco. Defendant did admit, but did not understand that he had violated any law. Plaintiff filed for an injunction of damages, and any profits earned during the time that his songs were performed and played. Decision: Zambia, High Court at Lusaka ruled that the defendant was not clear about the copyright laws and did not intentionally set out to violate the laws. The court ordered that defendant would be liable for any profits made the night of the disco. Relevancy: This case provides a reminder that any invasion of a right of property gives cause of action to the owner against the person responsible for the invasion, regardless it was intentional or not. If an infringement is admitted , but at the time of the infringement the defendant was not aware and had no reasonable grounds for suspecting copyright subsisted in the work , or other subject matter to which the action relates, plaintiff is not entitled to damages , but is entitled to an account of profits. The judge was very understanding; defendant claims that he was not aware of copyright infringement. I think one needs to consider moral rights, as a business owner, one knows that licenses are usually needed to run a restaurant , disco , and club. A license is needed for the business establishment, a license if needed to serve alcohol, I suppose it slipped his mind in regards to the music he chose to play and perform. Reference: International Business Law, Text, Cases, and Readings, August, Mayer, and Bixby, Fifth Edition

Free Essays on Cogito Ergo Sum

â€Å"Cogito Ergo Sum† â€Å"Then the Lord God formed man of the dust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being† (Genesis 2:7). The Bible states the above as the moment man became a being, and from this being civilization was created. To a believer, this would answer the question of what a human is. However, as science has progressed and more abstract ideology has fallen upon the human race, this question has come to have many answers. I feel that the definition of the term human can be correct in many different ways. As a scientific definition one could say a human is a bipedal homo sapien sapien with a spine that attached to the bottom of the skull. As a Theologist a human is all the trials and tribulations that we read about in the Bible. To me both of these definitions are true, but the challenge is finding one definition that spans across all ideology. After much thought and distress I have concluded that to be human, to be a person, is merely to exist. I agree with the statement â€Å"cogito ergo sum,† or I think therefore I am. If all you can prove without doubt is that, to exist is to thin! k, then that is our definition. In this paper I will explain and analyze Gregersen’s â€Å"seven features of human personhood,† and refute all of his points to prove my own. Gregersen’s seven features are as follows: to be a person is to be labeled with â€Å"generic characterization,† to be a person is to exercise rationale, to be a person is to hold fast to morals, to be a person is to have an identity, to be a person is to want to be part of a whole, to be a person is to be superior, and to be a person is to transcend preceding humans. These are the seven reasons and features Gregersen lists that define being a person or a human. His first point, that to be human is to have a generic character, is based on the writings of Cicero. To this reason, I say, that defin... Free Essays on Cogito Ergo Sum Free Essays on Cogito Ergo Sum â€Å"Cogito Ergo Sum† â€Å"Then the Lord God formed man of the dust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being† (Genesis 2:7). The Bible states the above as the moment man became a being, and from this being civilization was created. To a believer, this would answer the question of what a human is. However, as science has progressed and more abstract ideology has fallen upon the human race, this question has come to have many answers. I feel that the definition of the term human can be correct in many different ways. As a scientific definition one could say a human is a bipedal homo sapien sapien with a spine that attached to the bottom of the skull. As a Theologist a human is all the trials and tribulations that we read about in the Bible. To me both of these definitions are true, but the challenge is finding one definition that spans across all ideology. After much thought and distress I have concluded that to be human, to be a person, is merely to exist. I agree with the statement â€Å"cogito ergo sum,† or I think therefore I am. If all you can prove without doubt is that, to exist is to thin! k, then that is our definition. In this paper I will explain and analyze Gregersen’s â€Å"seven features of human personhood,† and refute all of his points to prove my own. Gregersen’s seven features are as follows: to be a person is to be labeled with â€Å"generic characterization,† to be a person is to exercise rationale, to be a person is to hold fast to morals, to be a person is to have an identity, to be a person is to want to be part of a whole, to be a person is to be superior, and to be a person is to transcend preceding humans. These are the seven reasons and features Gregersen lists that define being a person or a human. His first point, that to be human is to have a generic character, is based on the writings of Cicero. To this reason, I say, that defin...

Corporate Social Responsibility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example Some of the activities that signify CSR include ethical conduct of activities; establishing stakeholder partnerships; engaging in environmentally-friendly activities; transparency in operations; complying with existing regulations and correction of social inequalities(world bank, 13) Firms participate in projects such Religious organizations; Culture; HIV / AIDS awareness , prevention and control; Sport; Support to ethnical minorities; Drinkable water; Technical training; Housing; Health ;Community development; Education(World Bank, 25). . In the following part, the paper will give insightful and exploratory explanations with few examples where companies and organizations have supported or declined to support the CSR projects. Reasons for CSR The optimistic observers see great scope for CSR to support a more open-minded form of capitalism, avoiding the worst examples of labor exploitation among other positive reasons. World Bank (23) notes that it is a way of gaining better reputatio n from amongst the entire stakeholder group. Furthermore, through CSR projects such as education and health, firms indirectly carry out social marketing activities with an aim of increasing its value in the community. ... Better integration promotes strength in cultural diversity and may promote a better understanding of the community perceptions about the firms’ products, values, and beliefs. This will encourage the product liking and adoption that can later increase the sales volume of the participating firm. By enhancing the relationship between the company and the community, there is a reduction in conflicts and general hostilities, thus promoting peace and harmonious co-existence between the two stakeholders. Through involvement in CSR, there is a promotion of the local brand recognition, adoption, and acceptance by the community members (World Bank, 36) Some companies are culturally obliged to participate in acts of charity so that they gain recognition in the internati onal scale. Employees volunteer as a way of giving back to the community (World Bank, 35). The adoption and implementation of IFRS by some companies that emphasizes on transparency, honesty, and integrity in reporting of their financial statements have been one of the major core values pursued by the management of the company. For instance, Toyota Multinational Corporation constantly emphasizes on the International reporting standards that uphold integrity, honesty, and transparency in disclosure of financial information to the shareholders and to the potential investors. It leads potential investors making wise and informed investment decisions (Aaronson and Reeves). The Aaronson and Revees also argue that they get involved in CSR to achieve a fair degree of legitimacy and consistency in their operations to the external environment. The relationship between the firm and the community is consolidated from the CSR activities.  Ã‚  

Aristotle,nz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aristotle,nz - Essay Example The procedure of realizing excellence of character calls for individuals to develop a steadiness of character by adopting virtuous pursuits and shunning vice. Aristotle stressed the ethical as well as normative effect of virtuous regulations would contribute towards assisting or directing human beings in the pursuit of good. Thesis Statement: From Aristotle’s treatise, all human beings have the capability of acquiring the excellence of character and thought through the constant practice of constructive behaviors such as temperance and duty. Aristotle also wrote about the excellence of thought- or intellectual excellence. He specified that common sense as well as practical wisdom could also be considered as being a kind of excellence of thought. From his writings, it is evident that Aristotle believed that the combination of these two types of excellences is what would be the redeeming factor of the human race. The concepts on the excellence of thought and character tie into Aristotle’s ideas on temperance and intemperance. According to Aristotle, the acquisition of temperance is important because it brings a balance between the excesses that are easily embraced by the untamed human soul and the insensibility that characterizes extreme asceticism. This is directly related to the portrayal of temperance in any challenging situation. For instance, an individual who was practicing temperance would find a balance in the expression of his or her emotions. In a situation where there was a significant threat, the temperate individual’s expressions of fear would not be more or less that the situation called for. However, an intemperate person would either express extreme stoicism or extreme fear that did not correspond to the danger of existing threat. Essentially, the possession of temperance in a human being is what will keep the soul’s need to yearn for different things in harmony with common sense

Articles Summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Articles Summary - Article Example s another 45 days to evaluate the child and it takes another 30 days for the Admission, Review and Dismissal committee to decide whether the child qualifies for special education or not. While writing the request a parent needs to clearly but briefly identify why they believe their child is in need of special education. While addressing this question the parent should outline concerns such as academic problems and the parents even need to clearly state that if the school has implemented any method to help the child, the procedure should not result in decreasing the speed of the review of the child. The IDEA has established that schools can try to help the child before and even when the evolution of the child by the school district is going on. They can help the child through RTI which is designed in order to provide support to those children who are failing to perform well in academics. Once the evaluation of the child is completed an ARD meeting is held in which the parent participates as a member. Once it has been identified by the ARD committee that the child requires special education services, and then the Individual Education Program is developed. After parents have requested for their child to be evaluated, it is the duty of the school district of Texas to provide parents with a document called Notice of Procedural Safeguards and this document contains information about the rights of the parents. If a child is not considered to be evaluated for special education and if a child is not believed to be provided with special education, the parents can get the child evaluated from an independent entity and the expense for this evaluation is paid by the school district. Before a child is provided with special education a parent needs to get the child evaluated by the school district for this form of education. The school district reviews the application of the parents and then decides whether a child is eligible for this form of education or not. The article

Govierment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Govierment - Essay Example One of the primary roles of the government is to promote the welfare of its people. Under capitalism, however, this role is under jeopardy due to market freedom. When it comes to socialism, the government plays an active role in influencing major activities that influence social welfare. Even though the society has limited choices to make, the government extends access to basic needs to the entire society. The opposite of this idea is evident in capitalism. In conclusion, there is need for government intervention in production and consumption matters. In general, producers are profit-driven and they strive to sell at the highest market prices possible. Under socialism, government intervention tames consumer exploitation and subsequently collaborates with industry stakeholders in enhancing societal growth and development. Finally, socialism exhibits equitable distribution of wealth and resources, while capitalism promotes social

Leadership Styles Of Harley Davidson Management Essay

Leadership Styles Of Harley Davidson Management Essay Introduction: This case study is about Harley-Davidson a prestigious American Motorcycle manufacturer situated at Milwaukee U.S.A, with a full year 2009 revenue of $4.29 billion and income of $70.6 million from continuing operations. (Press release www.harley-davidson.com) This analysis has its focus on a brief history of H-D, which includes the manufacturing issues and the problems it had, the various strategic changes made by H-D in the manufacturing process to achieve its goals. The implementation of JIT and its effect on the plant and the product, the Supplier development, Supplier relationship and the efforts towards Supply Chain Management. It also includes the Risks, costs and benefits of Supplier development, the Key learning which we take away from the case study and lastly it concludes with the future trends in SCM. A brief History: In 1970s heavy weight motorcycle market was in the hands of H-D. The Corporate parent AMF wanted to take advantage of this market dominance by production of more bikes at a faster rate.In the process they lost the focus on Quality and Supply Chain Management. In 1974 the quality of the product was at its bottom. Harley-Davidson needed a desperate change to overcome these issues, in 1981, a group of local management was put together to rebuilt the company. Key theories, Strategic changes and Implementation at H-D: 1. Inventory, Inventory Turns and Cash Flow: A downfall in sales due to the quality problems increased their inventory level to $24 million. H-D worked on Inventory Management. Inventory Turns The number of times a company rolls over its inventory per year is defined as its Inventory Turns. Calculation: Most commonly used method is to divide the annual sales of the company per year by the average inventory level maintained per year. For example, if the average sales of a company is $2,000,000 per year and the average inventory maintained for a year is say $50,000 than the inventory turns for that particular company is 8 ( ref. Supply chain metrics.com) The increase in the Inventory Turns of a company, generates more free cash flow. Free cash flow is an asset, as it can be used for other advantages rather than blocking the money in Inventory Stock. (Ref.Marie Leone CFO.com, Supply chain metrics.com) At H-D an inventory turns of 4.5/year was increased up to a level of 28.Consequently the inventory came down to $4 million. 2. Shift of manufacturing strategy from Push to Pull and JIT: PUSH and PULL PUSH is the traditional style of manufacturing in which a product is manufactured irrespective of its demand. The process then Pushs to the next step. It may be the selling of the product. This leads to unnecessary inventory, over stock because the production goes on without the actual demand of the product. PULL is the lean style of manufacturing in which a product is manufactured on demand. If there is no demand, there would be no production. This saves money as unnecessary production is avoided. Lesser inventory is maintained because what is produced is consumed. The customer will PULL the product from the manufacturing facility.Manufacturing facility is in tune with the market dynamics. (Ref.leanmanufacturingconcepts.com) Lean Thinking is an articulation of the core principles behind the Toyota Production System (TPS), acknowledged to be the most efficient in the world today. (Manufacturing Operations and Supply Chain Management the LEAN approach David Taylor and David Brunt) Just in Time Manufacturing (JIT) Just in Time Manufacturing Just in Time (JIT) manufacturing is a Japanese management philosophy applied in manufacturing which involves having the right items of the right quality and quantity in the right place and at the right time. The proper use of JIT manufacturing has resulted in increases in quality, productivity and efficiency, improved communication and decreases in costs and wastes. Goals of JIT: Finding customer needs and responding to it: Production is tuned according to the customer demands. Cost effective quality standards: quality should and must be the topmost priority, but it should be cost effective. Work for a minimum wastes: Elimination of wastes which are of no use for the production. Trust development in relationships with the suppliers: Supplier relationship is of utmost importance specially in the case of single sourcing, it is a strength of company to have strong supplier relations, both in terms of materials, inventory and deliveries on time. Plant designing for utmost efficiency and easy manufacturing: Plant design must ease the production process with least labour involvement. It must ensure to use the full plant potential. Striving hard for improvements on a continual basis: This makes organization competitive and committed to the needs of the costumers, as customer demands are always volatile. (Ref.Just in Time Manufacturing, T.C.E Cheng and S Podolsky; Curtin University of Technology, Australia; Institute for Manufacturing University of Cambridge) Changes and Quality development at H-D: H-D shifted from PUSH (anticipating demand) to PULL (responding to orders). Set up times were reduced drastically, it made smaller life-size feasible.H-D moved towards Just in Time manufacturing and Supply Chain Management. It invested in group problem solving program, like Quality Circle and made a policy to respond to any of the problem issues within two weeks. Employee involvement at H-D made them even more commited.An Example: To me every transmission and engine bolted is going to my motorcycle, Doug Tearney, Final Inspector Harley-Davidson. Supplier Selection and Development: Supplier Selection: JIT emphasis on single sourcing.Single Sourcing is a sourcing strategy in which the company buying is dependant on a single company for almost all of the particular item or service. Suggestive qualitative aspects used for supplier evaluation: Design, development and process capacity. How capable the management is? Financial know-hows and structure of cost. Environmental Regulation Compliance. Longer-Term Relationship Potential. (Ref. Introduction to Operations and Supply Chain Management, Cecil C. Bozarth and Robert B. Handfield) Supplier development: Supplier development can be defined as any activity that a buyer undertakes to improve suppliers performance and/or capabilities to meet the buyers short-term, long-term supply needs. Or in other words, Supplier development can be loosely defined as the process of working collaboratively with suppliers to improve or expand their capabilities. (Ref. http://www.nist.gov/mep/manufacturers/supplier-development.cfm) A supplier development program must aim for improving the performance of a supplier; and helping them to get what they need to be successful in supply chain. Important functions of supplier development programs: Providing information about products, expected sales growth, etc. Suppliers need to become extensions of their customers. Training in the application of lean and quality tools. If suppliers had more information about the entire supply chain and had a true lean transformation underway, they would become more profitable and provide a better quality and lower-cost product, on-time. (Ref. http://lean-supply-chain.blogspot.com/2006/10/what-is-supplier-development.html) (Ref.Avoid the Pitfalls in Supplier Development Robert B. Handfield, Daniel R Krause, Thomas V .Scannell and Robert M. Monczka) Supplier Management at H-D: Supplier Optimization: H-D cuts its supplier base from 320 to 120 and established performance requirements. Suppliers must have MAN, JIT, Statistical Operator Control and Employee Involvement. Supplier problems and Solutions: H-D required JIT at Supplier end, but suppliers had problems with it as they deal with different types of customers. They ended up with Just in Time warehouses, which leads to quality problems. For JIT at supplier end, proper advance scheduling was given by H-D.Piston supplier KSG adapted to H-D requirements. It changed from producing to two months inventory, to producing as per the requirement. KSG did the entire process from bowing to packaging in just a space of 35ft with two-three operators, with unbelievable throughput time. Previously the same work was done with fifteen operators scattered all over the plant. Ultra Tool the metal stamping company, a supplier of H-D, had great success with MAN program. At Ultra tool for a number of operations on a part it required part movement. A cell was designed at Ultra Tool that reduces the part movement to just 10 feets.The parts were taken to a particular area in this cell and it included tooling as well. It made the process fairly quick. Commonality of purpose: Harley improved the processes at Ultra Tool; in return it had no price rise from this supplier for 3-4 years.(an example of mutual benefit to Customer and Supplier). Risks, cost and benefits of Supplier Development: Supplier development involves the cost which is incurred by the Customer company and no immideate returns are visible for it.This depend upon the need and the value of the product that the funds are allocated for the trainings and development of suppliers

Baghban :: Ravi Chopra

The story starts as Raj is on the verge of his retirement and now he wants to spend more time with his family comprising of wife, children and grand-children. Raj and Pooja spend forty years together. They are very compatible. In their whole life they tried to give their sons a comfortable life. As for example when Aman needs a loan and Raj readily offers it to him even though he is retiring. He does this because he believes that his successful sons will do anything to take care of their parents. But as a matter of fact fate has stored something else for Raj and Pooja. Raj takes early retirement from the bank to spend some more quality time with his wife Pooja. They couple think that now it is their children’s responsibility to take care of them. But unfortunately none of them are actually agreeable to do so. At the time of retirement Raj has no money and that is why his children are indecisive to take their parents. The avoid eth whole case Malhotra children decide some ridiculous thing. They say that the mother would reside with Aman, who is the eldest one. They also decide that father will stay with the second son i.e. Samir. After six months, they would shift to the third and fourth sons i.e. Sahil and Nasir respectively. The reason behind taking this decision by the children was something else. They thought that their parents would never be ready to live without one another. But as Pooja requests a lot Raj could not deny them even if he does not like the whole idea of separation with Pooja. Raj eventually agrees with the decision taken by his four sons. When they go with them in their respective houses, their children as well as maids start ill-treating them. Raj and Pooja feels exhausted and wants to get rid of this loneliness. While living with the second son, Raj used to go to a cafe, run by Paresh Rawal and Lilette Dubey. They use to call him ‘couch potato’ i.e. big brother. To kill his leisure time Raj starts looking upon the cafe’s account and also writing a book on family values and thoughts. The limit of their tolerance breaks down when the sons forget their parent’s anniversary and scheduled for their parents journey to the alternate sons. Raj and Pooja meets in a place where they met at their first anniversary.

Yeah

Remember, these are brief outlines of my lectures and you are responsible for taking class notes, as questions will come from my discussion comments that give meaning to those points. During lectures I will discuss some background information you do not need for the exam, which means the other issues I discuss are fair game for the exam. This Is a major Incentive to come to class, pay attention, and take good class notes. If you do not take notes, how can you remember my comments 3-4 weeks later for an exam?See â€Å"General announcement # 2† general announcements (click it) for instructions About 20 or more questions will come from text reading review assignments – for this exam these Logic Kernel chapter Word reviews: 1 (Logic), 2 (constitution), and 11 (voting, elections & campaigns – answer only questions 1-19. ) – these review questions re your only text reading responsibility for exam 1. When I provide chapter reading review questions like this, know these are actual questions from which I will randomly select some for the reading portion of the exam.I will not ask anything else from the chapter other than the reading review questions provided. This eliminates mystery & surprise regarding exam contents. Especially for you freshmen, this is harder than it looks, and will take a number of hours to look up the answers in the text. Study them carefully and you will have no problem with the reading questions oration of the exam. Since I have given you the actual reading questions, I will not give you the answers before the exam, so do the best you can; this is a learning exercise. When you buddy up to study with others, do not trust the answers of others.Validate it with your own eyes or suffer the consequences if your buddy is wrong. If you find a bad question, email me your class time with the chapter & question problem with your page reference, and I'll check it out, but will not give the answer. I will be careful not to choose a ny that are inaccurate or confusing. There is o excuse for you to miss one of these questions if you study. If it was me, I would look up the correct answer and when confident, I would delete all the wrong answers so I am Just reinforcing the question and the correct answer when I study.My last tip is to manage-study both class lectures and reading reviews daily so not overwhelmed by cramming right before an exam – which does not work, as some will discover. (c) Website essay portions. 7-10 questions will come from my website essay reading assignment. To find this information, go to General Announcement # general announcements (click it) and follow those instructions carefully about the hyperlink there titled â€Å"why studying the U. S.Constitution, as well as national and state and local politics, is so important to each citizen. † You are only responsible on exam #1 for the specific items mentioned in its instructions. Another key word bullet outline assignment â₠¬â€œ then study your outline. (d) General Announcement # 5 general announcements (click it) provides specific study ideas for my exams. Yeah Spring 2013 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITYCourse Syllabus Course:ACCT 508- Federal Tax Accounting I Prerequisite:ACCT 301 with grade of C or better, or ACCT 303 with grade of C- or better. Professor:Tim Hurley, M. B. A. , J. D. , LL. M. Office:SCI 355 Office Hours:M 3:00-4:00, W 5:00-7:00, TH 6:00-7:00; by appointment Office Phone: E-mail:[email  protected] edu Required Text:Hoffman & Smith, Individual Income Taxes, South-Western Federal Taxation 2013 Spring 2013 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITYCourse SyllabusCourse:ACCT 508- Federal Tax Accounting I Prerequisite:ACCT 301 with grade of C or better, or ACCT 303 with grade of C- or better. Professor:Tim Hurley, M. B. A. , J. D. , LL. M. Office:SCI 355 Office Hours:M 3:00-4:00, W 5:00-7:00, TH 6:00-7:00; by appointment Office Phone: E-mail:[email  protected] edu Required Text:Hoffman & Smith, Individual Income Taxes, South-Western Federal Taxation 2013 Spring 2013 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITYCourse Syllabus Course Description Federa l Taxes I is a study of the Internal Revenue Code as it affects individuals and sole proprietorships.Basic competence in tax returns, terminology, and tax calculation are emphasized. Extensive coverage is given to tax accounting methods, rates, exemptions, credits, dependents, gross income inclusions and exclusions, capital gains and losses, deductions associated with a trade or business (including depreciation), and personal deductions such as charitable contributions, interest, taxes, and medical expenses. Married filing jointly, married filing separately, head of a household, surviving spouse, and single filing status are defined and explained. Course Goals: To provide the student with an in-depth look at U. S. federal income tax law with primary emphasis on income taxation for individuals * To expose the student to the authoritative sources of U. S. federal income tax law interpretation * To begin the development of necessary research skills * To make the student aware of the im portance of tax planning in business and investment decisions Grading Components Component Possible Points Exam I 100 (approximately 21%) Exam II 100 (approximately 21%) Comprehensive Final Exam 140 (approximately 29%) Tax Return Assignments 65 (approximately14%) Aplia Homework 40 (approximately 9%) Participation 30 (approximately 6%) Total Possible Points = 475 Aplia You must sign up for Aplia. 1. Connect to http://login. cengagebrain. com/ 2. If you already have an account, sign in. From your Dashboard, enter your course key (DB3V-FC2F-GAY3) in the box provided, and click the Register button. If you don't have an account, click the Create a New Account button, and enter your course key when prompted: DB3V-FC2F-GAY3. Continue to follow the on-screen instructions. Aplia is a course page designed by the publisher of the book but controlled by me where I will place the syllabus, homework assignments, practice questions, practice exams, etc. It gives instant feedback on the questions a nd is a great way to study for an exam. * Homework assignments are due on Aplia by Sunday at 11:00 PM. * Homework assignments will begin with Chapter 3 (in week 3). * Aplia homework is worth 40 points. You will receive 40 points only if you complete all assignments when due and answer 50% of the questions correctly on each assignment. * Partial credit is awarded at the professor’s discretion.Email Requirement The University has assigned you an email address. You are on a class email list that I will use to send important information to you. Thus, you must know your university email address and check your email regularly. Academic Integrity Plagiarism is a form of cheating or fraud. It occurs when a student misrepresents the work of another as his or her own. Plagiarism may consist of using the ideas, sentences, paragraphs, or the whole text of another without appropriate acknowledgement, but it also includes allowing another person to write or substantially alter work that a student then submits as his or her own.Any assignment found to be plagiarized will be given a failing grade. All instances of plagiarism in the Department of Accounting will be reported to the Department Chair, and may be reported to the University Judicial Affairs Officer for further action. Special Learning or Physical Accommodations Policy If you have a disability and need assistance in any way, please let me know as soon as possible. This course adheres to San Francisco State University’s policy on the accommodation of disabled students. Classroom Policies To maintain an appropriate learning environment in the classroom, students must conduct themselves in a professional manner so as not to disturb other students or the instructor. Please be respectful to other students and to me by arriving to class on time, not sleeping, and not talking during class unless it is to contribute to a class discussion. If it is absolutely necessary to leave during class, then sit near the d oor. * No laptops. * Please turn off all phones before coming to class. * Texting during class is strictly prohibited. Please take the same seat for each class; it helps me to learn your names. * If class is canceled for any reason, the assignments for that day will be due in the next class. Make-up exams Exams will only be given during scheduled class periods. Make-up exams will not be given. If you have a scheduling conflict, then you need to drop the course. Withdrawal from Class If you should decide to drop or withdraw from this course or withdraw from the University, you must comply with the official procedures (confer with the Office of the Registrar) or receive a grade of â€Å"F† for this course.Students who stop attending class without officially withdrawing from the course receive a grade based upon the total points they have accumulated. Ordinarily, the result will be an â€Å"F† grade. Attendance / Participation / Homework Attendance will be taken at the be ginning of each class meeting. If you do not attend class, it is likely that you will not pass this course. Taxation is not something that you can learn on your own and then take the exam. Like most Accounting courses, this is a problem-based course. At the end of each chapter, you will find problems.In addition, I will post additional problems that we will work in class. It is essential that you work and rework these problems and that you are able to do them on your own before the exam without looking at the answers. It is expected that readings and problems will be completed prior to class. Students should be expected to be called on in class, and students should therefore be prepared to discuss the assigned materials and problems from each class. Participation – Generally, I will ask for volunteers to help in class discussions and to assist me in working out homework problems.You earn the participation points for volunteering. If I do not get a volunteer, I will call on st udents at random. If I call on you and you are unprepared or ill prepared, you will lose participation points. Texting During Class – If you text during class, you will lose all participation points for that class. If this continues, on the third such occurrence, I will drop your grade one letter grade. Just because I do not call you out during class for texting does not mean that I did not see you. A few comments on grades and grading: * Failure to complete all course requirements will result in receiving a course grade of F. Extra credit is not part of the course grading plan. * Where there are close calls on grades, I will look to see if there is an improving trend and consider other positive factors in your overall performance such as class participation and conduct. * Students are encouraged to discuss concerns about their performance or course grades with the instructor at any time. * No grades will be provided or discussed over the telephone. Class Schedule This repres ents planned topics and problems; however, it will be modified as necessary to ensure that course material is covered adequately or to respond to special circumstances.The listing of assignments presented here is incomplete. Additions or deletions will be made as the semester progresses. Note that you must track the progress we have made and make sure you are prepared for class. Chapter Number| Topic| 1| An Introduction to Taxation and Understanding the Federal Tax LawAssignment: skim the chapter | 2| Working with the Tax Law (Read pages 2-1 to 2-19) Assignment: 11, 17| 3| Computing the TaxAssignment: 3,4,18,19,20,28,29,32,33,34,39(a);(b),42,44,47| | MIDTERM I (tentative) – 100 POINTS| | Gross Income: Concepts and InclusionsAssignment: 23 (answer only how much of the $9,000 annuity payment will be included in Betty’s income in 2000), 35, 52, 53, 56(a)| 14| Property Transactions: Determination of Gain or Loss, Basis Considerations, and Nontaxable Exchanges (Read 14-1 to 14-20)Assignment: 30, 36, 44, 51, 53(a)+(b),; Chapter 3 – 51| 5| Gross Income: ExclusionsAssignment: 8, 28, 29, 34, 48, 56(b)| 6| Deductions and Losses: In GeneralAssignment: 27, 34, 41, 48, 61| | MIDTERM II (tentative)– 100 POINTS| | Deductions and Losses: Certain Business Expenses and LossesAssignment: 33, 37, 56| 8| Depreciation, Cost Recovery, Amortization, and DepletionAssignment: 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 49| 9| Deductions: Employee and Self-Employed-Related ExpensesAssignment: 33, 36, 42, 46, 48| 12| Tax Credits and PaymentsAssignment: | COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM – 140 POINTSMay 23 10:45 – 1:15|

Effective Communication Essay

Effective communication is an important process in everyday life. Communication is a continuous process of exchanging verbal and non-verbal messages. Listening and hearing are two very different concepts. Hearing is the act of perceiving sound by the ear. While listening is something you consciously choose to do. Formal and informal channels of communication flow upward, downward and horizontal. Barriers to effective communication alter or distort the message being sent. Emotions and physical limitations greatly impact the messages being delivered or how the recipient receives the message. Effective communication is an important aspect within the criminal justice field. Effective Communication Effective communication is an important process in everyday life. While communicating an individual gives nonverbal cues as well as verbal cues. Both are very important to the communicating process. Listening and hearing are two very different concepts. Listening constitutes and understanding of the information received. Information flows upward, downward and horizontally. Within the flow of communication there are formal and informal channels, especially in the criminal justice field. Within the communication process there can be many barriers to inhibit the use of effective communication. The four main barriers to communication are emotional barriers, physical barriers, semantic barriers and ineffective listening. Overcoming these barriers is important to the criminal justice field. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Communication is a continuous process of exchanging verbal and non-verbal messages. While communicating we must be aware of our verbal, nonverbal and para-verbal messages (Wallace, 2009). Verbal messages are words. Nonverbal messages are the body language presented when the words are spoken. Para-verbal messages are the tone, pitch and pacing of the voice. It is important that all three correspond with one another. If you are saying yes and shaking your head no, that gives a confusing and inconsistent message to the recipient. In all of our communications we want to strive to send consistent verbal, para-verbal and nonverbal messages. When our messages are inconsistent, the recipient may become confused. Thus, the recipient may not understand the message completely and provide poor feedback to the sender. Becoming an effective sender and recipient is important. Understanding the messages received and providing proper feedback is essential. Listening and Hearing Hearing is the act of perceiving sound by the ear. If you are not hearing-impaired, hearing simply happens. Listening, however, is something you consciously choose to do. Listening requires concentration so that your brain processes meaning from words and sentences. â€Å"The difference between the sense of hearing and the skill of listening is attention† (Horowitz, 2012) Listening is an essential part of the communication process. If the receiver is not listening to the message being sent and only hearing it, the information is not being processed and proper feedback cannot be returned. Therefore, the sender does not know if the receiver understands the message being delivered. Formal and Informal Channels Communication flows downward, upward or horizontal (Wallace, 2009). The most common flow of communication is downward, from supervisors to subordinates. In the criminal justice system downward communication is classified into three categories; orders, procedures and personnel information. Upward communication is information provided to supervisors from subordinates. It is also classified into three categories; performance communication, information and clarification. Horizontal communication is the flow of information between personnel at the same levels. It is also classified into three categories; coordination, social issues and problem solving. Formal and informal channels of communication flow upward, downward and horizontal. â€Å"The formal channels are the strict procedures defined by the policies of the organization. The informal channels consist of the undocumented sharing of information† (Sinclair, n. . ). Formal channels of communication are strict rules of communication within the department, such as reports, evidence custody, policies and procedures. Informal channels of communication are the sharing of information between officers. â€Å"The most common informal channel of communication is the ‘grapevine’ (Sinclair, n. d. ). A good example of the downward flow of communication, using formal and informal channels, is a police department’s shift meeting. During the meeting the oncoming shift is briefed by the supervisor on developments and procedures. This is a mix of formal and informal communication. The department’s SOPs and procedures are discussed and conversations between officers on issues are discussed. This flow of communication is very important to the department. Oncoming officers need to know what has happened prior to their shift in order to continue with the ongoing duties, for example BOLO’s on suspects, and other crimes happening in the area. Information on goings-on in the department’s area of operation is essential for each officer to do their job effectively. Information must flow freely throughout the criminal justice system; from the highest ranking person to the lowest. Barriers to Effective Communication â€Å"Barriers are influencing factors which impede or breakdown the continuous communications loop. They block, distort or alter the information† (Wallace, 2009). The four main barriers to communication are emotional barriers, physical barriers, semantic barriers and ineffective listening (Wallace, 2009). Emotional barriers reside in either the sender or receiver of information. People base their receiving or transmitting of information off of their personal experiences or knowledge. Emotional barriers can stem from low self-esteem, depression and psychological problems. Physical barriers are things in the environment that make the transfer of communication difficult. Physical barriers include malfunctioning equipment, outside noise and distance between the sender and receiver. Any obstacle that slows or impedes the free flow of information is a physical barrier (Wallace, 2009). Semantic barriers refer to the inability to agree on the meaning of certain terms, thus resulting in poor communication (Wallace, 2009). People understand messages differently. A simple vague statement can mean a plethora of things to different people. Ineffective listening is the failure to hear or understand what the sender is transmitting (Wallace, 2009). Numerous reasons exist for ineffective listening. The receiver may be disinterested or bored with the topic. The topic may be too complex or too simple for the recipient. The recipient may also be consumed by personal problems, therefore unattached to the discussion. One of the main barriers those in the criminal justice field face is language. The US is a melting pot of cultures. Not everyone effectively speaks and understands the English language. It is important for those working within the criminal justice field to understand this and work towards mending the barrier. Whether mending it means learning a second language or making sure there are interpreters on hand, it is important to understand and be understood. It is also very important to be an effective listener. Criminal justice employees should not let emotion become a barrier when communicating with each other or citizens of the public. Conclusion Effective communication is an important process in everyday life. While communicating an individual gives nonverbal cues as well as verbal cues. Both are very important to the communicating process. Listening and hearing are two very different concepts. Listening constitutes and understanding of the information received. Information flows upward, downward and horizontally. Within the flow of communication there are formal and informal channels, especially in the criminal justice field. Within the communication process there can be many barriers to inhibit the use of effective communication. The four main barriers to communication are emotional barriers, physical barriers, semantic barriers and ineffective listening. Overcoming these barriers is important to the criminal justice field.